Thanks for the quick reply @fbartels !
Today I put some time into finding out, what exactly happens before the error occurs:
we are using the LDAP-module as single user plugin. What I originally thougt to be distribution group errors actually are group errors, the icon looks alike, but they are in the global address book, not my individual one. Also I can not edit or change them directly, as they are managed by LDAP.
So when I create a new ldap group with only my own email address inside and try to send a mail there, the server.log shows those lines:
The first line is clear - there simply is no userscripts/creategroup.
The following lines look like there were connection problems - that I could not yet verify - and kopano be looking for the testgroup as a user first, not as a group.
In disregard of the log lines, the test email was delivered.